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Abstract
The risk of developing ovarian cancer for women over the age of 45 years is 40/100,000/year (Jacobs,et.al.,1992).
The main problem of ovarian cancer is the late diagnosis.
The overall 5-year survival rate for ovarian cancer is approximately 35%.However women with stage I & II disease have a 5-year survival rate of 90% & 70% respectively, whereas women with stage III & IV disease have a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20% (Koskins, 1993).
Normal ovarian tissues is rich in cytokines. Cytokines are important in the physiology of ovarian function and of ovulation, they play an important role in pre and post follicle development. Most of the same cytokines that are found in normal tissue are also found in association with malignancy in contrast to their functions in normal tissues. It is reasonable to assume that the functions of cytokines associated with malignancy may serve to promote the unregulated growth of tumor cells and metastasis (Nash,et.al.,1999).
Recent studies indicate that interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) is an autocrine growth factor for some ovarian cancer cells and play an important role in the progression of this disease,(Kondera,et.al.,2003).
Cancerous ovarian tissues did not only secrete higher levels of IL-1 alpha than normal ovarian tissues, but also the mechanism controlling the secretion of these factors in cancerous ovarian tissues seemed to be different from that found in normal ovarian tissues (Huleihel,et.al.,1997).