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Abstract
Nowadays, the number of organ transplantation is increasing and the survival of the transplanted organs and patients is continually improving.
There are some patho-physiological changes following solid organ transplantation.
In heart transplant recipients, the heart is denervated and the baseline heart rate is increased due to loss of vagal input, but the Maximal working capacity of the heart recipients is limited by the reduced heart rate during exercise and anaerobic metabolism. Lung transplantation disrupts pulmonary innervation, lymphatics, and the bronchial circulation, Pulmonary function after single lung transplantation will depend on the underlying disease in the native lung that will participate to a limited extent in ventilation. Following liver transplantation, manifestations of end stage liver disease are reversed, pulmonary and renal functions improve.
Infection is the most common and serious problem in post-transplant patients. Other complications include cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, coronary artery disease and silent ischemia and diabetes, which is the most serious complication as it worsens the outcome.
Bronchiolitis obliterans is the most serious respiratory complication and it represents chronic rejection. Increase incidence of tumors by 3-4 folds due to immunosuppressant therapy.
Neurological complications and electrolyte imbalance may also occur.