الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background and purpose:
One of the first signs of bony cranium and / or brain abnormalities in infancy is increasing head circumference .It can be caused by increased ventricular volume and pressure (hydrocephalus), intracranial masses, or increases brain volume.
This study was conduced to assess the value of cranial ultrasonography as a non-invasive, available and relatively cheap imaging modality and value of cranial computed tomography as an expensive modality in diagnosis of the cause of macrocephaly in neonates and infants, and also to define the role of Transcrainal Doppler ultrasonography in the follow. up of shunted patients.
Patients and Methods:
One hundred neonates and infants below 24 months who presented with large head size or progressive increasing head size were investigated with x ray skull, cranial computed tomography and anterior fontanel ultrasonography including B mode and Doppler studies after clinical and neurological examination at the Radiodiagnosis
Results:
Hydrocephalus was the most frequent abnormality; it was found in 86% of our patients and was detected with 100% sensitivity by both CT and US.
Of the 86 who found to have hydrocephalus (9%) were associated with lumbosacral myelomeninngocele, (71%) due to congenital aqueduct stenosis, (7%) post infective, (6%) post hemorrhage, (5%) Dandy Walker malformation and (2%) with intracranial masses. The remaining 14 patients with macrocephaly but without hydrocephalus comprised 5 children with subdural effusion, 4 with marked brain edema and 5 idiopathic.