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Abstract
Breast Cancer is the most common cancer among women in developed western countries and is becoming ever more significant in many developing countries accounting for 37.6% of all reported tumors in Egyptian females.Althought incidence rates are increasing , mortality rates are stable ,representing an improved survival rate due to effective means of early detection ,as well as to significant improvement in treatment options. (MEEC, 2001).
Surgical treatment of breast cancer has changed significantly in recent years. Breast conservation surgery is fast becoming the gold standard for early breast cancer although mastectomy still remains appropriate for some patients. The type and extent of breast surgery to be selected is dependent upon the size and stage of the tumour . The major breast cancer treatment options are mastectomy (Currently, the form of mastectomy generally adopted is known as modified radical mastectomy ), with or without breast reconstruction, or breast conserving procedures such as wide local excision, quadrantectomy or lumpectomy. Axillary dissection is frequently performed to determine staging and for treatment planning. With the maturing of results from various randomized trials of more extensive surgery versus less extensive surgery, conservative surgery (principally lumpectomy and axillary dissection, followed by breast irradiation) has gained popularity all over the world. (Indraneel et al., 2003).
Modified radical mastectomy is a technique that involves total removal of the breast and dissection of the axilla, whilst preserving both pectoral muscles . The advantages of modified radical mastectomy include that it is highly effective with a low risk of recurrence. Breast reconstruction can usually be offered. However, the major disadvantage include that the patient loses her own breast with associated disfigurement and phsycological disturbances . Common complications of mastectomy are bleeding, infection ,Seromas, lymphedema of the arm and nerve damage and rarely flap necrosis (Lecia and Apantaku, 2002).