الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 177 |  |  |
| | | from | 177 | | |
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains one of the world’s most prevalent parasitic infection and a significant global public health problem. It ranks second behind malaria in term of socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Despite control efforts in a number of 4 countries, still an estimated 200 million people are infected, of which 120 million are symptomatic and 20 million have severe debilitating disease. Schistosomiasis is endemic in Yemen. It affects populations where substandard conditions of living are predominant ie. poor sanitation, insufficient safe water supply and low standard hygiene is practiced. The disease is endemic in many areas such as Sana’a and Saada, Marib, Taiz, Ibb, Hajja town, central highland, Aden and Yahar. The Ministry of Public Health (MP H) ranks schistosomiasis second to malilria from a . socioeconomic point of view and as the sixth major health problem in the country . }. The present study was carried out to determine the epidemiological . factors causing the persistence of schistosomiasis in two endemic villages in Wadi Hidran, Taiz Governorate. The study comprised three objectives: To study the prevalence and intensity of infection of both S. mansoni and S. haematobium in two endemic villages in Taiz Govemorate. To study the snail. infection rate of Bu/inus trancatus and Biomphalaria spp in watercourses adjacent to the two villages as potential transmission site for schistosomiasis infection. A KAP study on the school children was carried out to: a- assess schistosomal health education needs of Yemeni schoolchildren. b- develop a simple and effective schistosomal school-based health education model for the Yemeni 5th and 6th primary level and 1 st & 2nd preparatory schoolchildren. c- evaluate the effectiveness of this health education model on .. a changing KAP and parasitological parameters The study was conducted on 20 of households (527 inhabitants) of the two endemic villages (Makrabah and Karabah). The studied individuals were of different age groups and of both sexes. All schoolchildren from the two villages (152 students; 90 males and 62 females) in the 5th, 6th primary grades (82 students, 52 males & 30 females) and 1st, 2nd preparatory grades (70 students, 38 males & 32 females) were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from every member of the selected household of both villages using a pre-designed questionnaire (Annex 1). Fresh morning urine and stool samples were collected from every individual for both villagers and schoolchildren. Stool samples were examined using Kato Katz technique while urine samples were preserved in carbolfuchsin and examined by centrifugation sedimentation technique for detection of schistosomal infection rate and determined the intensity of infection. In the base line study, the schoolchildren were contacted at school and subjected to the following: . Completion of a pre-designed questionnaire (Annex 2) which included personal data and specific questions for knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) concerning schistosomiasis . . The collected data which related to knowledge, attitude and practices questions were used to develop a schistosomal health education model. . . The contents of the schistosomiasis health education model were divided into three sessions. Each session had its own objectives, sequence’ of events, strategies and evaluation. This model was conducted on schoolchildren only (intervention group). Early evaluation of the impact of the health education model was done one month after implementing the programme using the same questionnaire. It included all children exposed to the model in the base line survey. The main objective was to assess early change in knowledge, attitude and practices. The second post-intervention survey was conducted one year after intervention using the same questionnaire and, laboratory methods employed in the base line survey. Mapping of the area.