الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, surfactants obtained from oxygen- containing
”
derivatives were considered because of the remarkable properties and
wide varity of uses of these compounds. This study has been presented
as follows:
Chapter (I) : It includes the synthesis of some nonionic
swfactants by reacting the synthesized alkyl (methyl, n - butyl, n-hexyl
and n-octyl ) esters of cia 9,10 epoxy octadecanoate (Ia-ct)and or
trans 2,3 - epoxy octadecanoate (lia-cO with propyl polypropenoxy
alcohol containing different propylene oxide ratios (n-5,10,15 and 20)
to produce; 9 (2)-hydroxy 10(3)-(propyl polypropenoxy ether) alkyl
octadecanoate (18(5,10,15,20) - Id(5,10,15,20»’ and (ll8(S,10,15,20) -
IId(5,10,15,20», respectively as nonionic surfactants (cf. scheme 1,2
page 67,68). The structure of the synthesized surfactants was
confmned by examination of their infrared and nuclear magnetic
resonance spectra.
The surface active properties and biodegradability of these
compounds are illustrated in (13 Tables);spectroscopic analysis (15
Figures) and critical micille concentration CMC ( 8 Figures) , which
revealed the following. The synthesized nonionic surfactants may be
used as antifoaming agents; with respect to the emulsifyingproperties of these nonionic surfactants, the emulsificationproperties were greatly
” enhanced by increasing the number of methylene group (CHz) in alkyl
chain of esters where, the 9-hydroxy 10-[ propyl polypropenoxy ether]
octyloctadecoanoate Ids recorded the optimum emulsification
properties.
Chapter (II): This deals with the synthesis and evaluation of
some glucose and sucrose esters(llIa-d, Va-d and IVa-d, VIa-d] from
9(2)-hydroxy 10(3)-(propyl polypropenoxy ether) methyl
octadecanoate (la(5,10,15,20) and Oa(5,10,15,20» respectively. The
structure of these compounds was established by IR and IH-NMR
spectra. Moreover, the surface properties, biodegradability and
antimicrobial activity of these compounds were evaluated and
illustrated in (6 Tables),spectroscopic analysis (8 Figures) and critical
micelle concentration CMC (4 Figures). All the synthesized sugar
esters are good biodegradable surfactants, which, manifested the
importance of their application without pollution problems.
Chapter (III) : This is concerned with the synthesis of new
surfactant bearing. 1,3- clioxalanering, which can be utilized as a new
acid decomposable type of cleavable surfactant that might be
formulated in many cosmetic products, from 9,10 - dihydroxy
octadecanoic acid VII and 3-[a-(propyl polypropenoxy ether)] 1,2-
octadecandiol [VIII a-d] with ethyl acetoacetate and / or acetyl
acetone, followed by alkaline hydrolysis, afforded the anionic new soap.