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Abstract The study included 90 high risk newborn infants (57 males and 33 females) as well as 100 apparently normal newborn infants (60 males and 40 females) as controls. The risk factors as inclusion criteria were: respiratory distress, detection of abnormal clinical cardiac findings, low Apgar score, intrauterine growth retardation, presence of congenital anomalies, diabetic and pre-eclamptic mothers. The age of studied newborn infants ranged from 1-28 days, their gestational age ranged from 28-40 weeks, their birth weight ranged from 900-5710 gm for patients and from 2600-3950 gm for controls. The patients were 67 fulltern and 23 preterm infants while the controls were 80 fulltern and 20 preterm infants. Patients and controls were matchable regarding sex, birth weight, gestational age, and body length and head circumference. The groups of patients by inclusion risk factors were also matchable regarding these demographic data. |