الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1.Some biochemical parameters were studied in two Egyptian birds: a flightless bird, the white chicken (Arbor Acre), and a flying kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). These were the contents of water and lipids of some tissues, and the levels of some constituents of serum and liver (serum -total proteins, total lipids and glucose, liver_ glycogen, GOT, GPT, and alkaline and acid phosphatases).
2.The majority of tissues were found significantly less watery in the flying bird than in the flightless one (Fig. 1). This group of tissues include those which largely contribute to the total mass of body (chest muscles and others). It was assumed that the relative heaviness of the chicken’s body (compared to the kestrel) may be related to the flightless nature of the chicken (page 28 ).
3.Three tissues (brain, Kidney and liver) were found as watery in the chicken as in the kestrel (Table 1). Water contents of these tissues seem to be un-related to the flight nature, and are presumably kept at certain levels characteristic for birds.
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Only two tissues of the flying bird were found statistically more watery than the corresponding ones of the flightless one.
4. A supplementary comparison was undertaken between the flightless chicken and another strongly-flying (flapping) bird, the palm dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca) which was previouly studied by an earlier author.
Water contents of a large number of tissues of the dove were noticed lower than those of the flightless chicken (Fig. 2).
A general gradual decrease in water content of some tissues was interstingly noticed accompanying the gradation in power of flight of the birds compared: from the chicken-to the kestrel-up to the dove (page 33).
5. Bone - marrow of the pal m dove was observed (as a fat-including tissue) more watery than its counterparts of both chicken and kestrel. This exception was explained on the basis of the great consumption
of marrow-lipids (hence a large amount of oxidative water) in both flying birds.
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6.In a comparison between the kestrel (of soaring and hovering pattern of flight) and the dove (of a flapping pattern of flight), only six tissues exhibited different levels of water among both compared birds.
whereas, the majority of tissues were found possessing significantly similar contents of water in both flying birds, (Table 2).
7.Lipid content differs among different tissues of the body. Some tissues -in both studied birds-are highly fatty, such as spinal cord and bone-marrow, while others are slightly fatty and include many tissues (such as the kidney, lung, liver, pancreas, blood, left and right ventri-cular walls of heart, leg-muscle, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
and brain).
8.Many tissues of the flying bird (kestrel) possess significantly higher levels of lipids than the corresponding ones of flightless chicken (Fig. 4). This was suggested of benefit to the flying bird.
9.On the other hand, lipid content of only one tissue of the kestrel (bone-marrow) was found less fatty than its counterpart of the chicken. Some few tissues (four) were found as fatty in the flying bird as in the flightless one (Table 3), suggesting a structural, non-utilizable
nature for lipids of these tissues (page 37).
10.The level of serum glucose of the kestrel was much higher than its
counterpart of chicken.
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Similarly, the concentration of serum total lipid was found
significantly higher in the kestrel than in the chicken (Table 4, Fig.
5)•
11. Both of the serum total proteins and the liver glycogen were found
significantly lower in the kestrel than in the chicken (Table 4. Fig.
5).
12. Levels of activities of two serum-enzymes: Glutamic oxaloacetic trans-aminase and Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GOT and GPT) were found significantly higher in the kestrel than in the chicken (Fig.
6).
13. In the blood serum, the serum acid phosphatase activity of the kestrel was also found significantly higher than the corresponding one of the chicken, similar to the cases of both studied transaminases.
On the other hand, the conditions with the serum alkaline phosphatase were the reverse. Its level was much lower in the kestrel than in
the chicken (Fig. 6).
14. With respect to these enzymes in the liver, only two of them showed significant differentiation in their levels among the different studied birds, namely GPT and the alkaline phosphatase. They were highly significantly more concentrated as follows: the former in the liver of the kestrel, while the latter in the liver of the chicken (Fig. 7).