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Abstract
The genetic polymorphism within and among five cattle populations (Great Cairo; Domiat; Alexandria; Sharkia and Benisouif) were detected by six microsatellite loci (BM143, BM4528, BM1329, RM028, ILSTS090 and ILSTS093). DNA was extracted and purified from whole blood samples using phenol/chloroform technique. Allele identification was achieved by PCR amplification of the six STR loci. The bands were analyzed using LabImage program. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the downloaded freeware “Popgene version 1.31” computer program.
Result showed that all tested markers were polymorphic. The total observed numbers of alleles in the five populations were 9, 4, 6, 4, 6 and 6 for the six markers respectively. It was found that, Benisouif was the highest polymorphic population for the locus BM143, while Cairo was the lowest one in the locus, RM028. The five populations showed significant deviation from Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). No observed homozygosity was recorded in all loci. The genetic distance test showed that the highest genetic distance was found between Sharkia and Domiat populations (0.8896) and the lowest value was found between Sharkia and Alexandria (0.6048). Since there is no a significant difference in the genetic distance between the studied populations, they may have a common ancestor.