الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Primary school children form an important and sensitive segment of population for many reasons. They are rapidly growing and hence more vulnerable to disease or deformity, if they are subjected to vulnerable environment whether, physical,: social or otherwise. Also, these early years of life are most favourable for educating the children to acquire correct and healthful habits. The object of the present study is to compare the occurr ence of traumatic dental injuries of permanent anterior teeth in primary school children in urban and rural areas in Alexa ndria, and to study some factors concerning distribution of traumatic dental injuries regarding age, sex, type of trauma, \ etiology, place and location of trauma, in order to suggErnt measures for treatment and prevention of such injuries. A stratified random sample of 6061 primary school child ren from Alexandria was selected to represent urban and rural areas i. e. 26 urban and 4 rural schools. The sample consisted of 3211 boys and 2850 girls; their age ranged between 6 and 14 years. A speical form was constructed containing general charat eristics of traumatic dental cases, history of trauma and que stions on a tti tude towards trauma tic dental in juries. At the same time, oral examination was conducted on the children with traumatic dental injuries. The study has yielded the following results: 1 - The occurrence of traumatic dental injuries was 4.49 of urban and 3.81 of rural examined children. 2 - The boys/girls ratio were 2.19 : 1 in urban and 2.93 : 1 in rural. There were significant differences in urban and rural examined children regarding the sex. 3 - The largest age group, displaying traumatic dental injuries was between 11 - 12. years. The age had significant effect on occurrence of traumatic dental injuries. 4 - 76.66 and 92.06 of urban and rural mothers of children with traumatic dental injuries were illiterate or only read, I’ I write and not working. This was statistically significant. , 5 - 70.71 of urban cases were of moderate social level and 50.79 of rural cases were of low social level. There were statistically significant differences between urban and rural cases regarding the social level. 6 - Falls were the mest frequent causes of traumatic dental injuries (71.72 and 69.84 of urban and rural cases respectively). This was not statistically significant. 7 - Most of traumatic dental injuries occurred at street (41.41 and 58.73 in urban and rural cases respectively), followed by those happened at home (40.91 and 25.40 in urban and rural cases respectively). ~ 8 - 93.43 of urban and 93.65 of rural cases were with ,no interference. There was no statistically significant diff erence between urban and rural cases regarding outcome and socio-economic level. 9 - 65.15 of urban cases and 74.60 of rural cases were accident prone. There was a significant correlation between sex and accident prone in urban and rural cases. 10 - 64.14 of urban cases and 52.38 of rural cases had positive attitude towards treatment. This was not significant. 11 - Urban cases appeared to be more positive in attitude to wards prevention of traumatic dental injuries, than rural cases. This was statistically significant. 12 - 11.11 of urban and 4.76 of rural cases were disturbed’ due to traumatic dental injuries. This was not statisti cally significant. 13 - Single fractures were found to occur more frequent, than multiple fractures. 14 - The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently injured teeth (85.35 and 87.30 of urban and rural cases respectively), followed by maxillary laterals (3.54 and 6.35 in urban and rural cases respectively). 15 - Enamel-dentine type of fracture was the most frequent type of fractures. This forms 52.02 and 46.03 in urban and rural cases respectively. 16 - The protruded inci.sors were found to be significant pre disposing factors in trauma to anterior teeth. The following recommendations are suggested: 1 - Most household injuries in children could be prevented by modification of acute factors by improvement supervision during the most susceptible part of the child’s day when he is tired or hyperactive. 2 - Safe guards with reference to hazardous agents, suitable play areas and parental education are also considered ~mportant. 3 - Programs of public dental health education could be devel oped for children in schools and parents at home. 4 - Dentists in school health services must be encouraged to treat these injured teeth and consultation of a specialist should be available.