الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis is mainly concerned with a detailed study of electronic distance measurement EDM especially their uses in traverses.
An investigation on such new modern techniques is performed taking into consideration types, accaracy and economy.
A special regard is given to source of errors in EDM techniques. Moreover, the different applications of this technique are widely presented and discussed.
Some important results and conclusions are given for acheiving a reasonable accuracy in this technique.
In the introduction the scope of the thesis is given.Chapter 2 deals with all the moden theories for the determination of the light velocity, types of radiations used, their waves and shapes from the point of propagation in air, the matematical equation which the EDM was designed upon the principles of operationof EDM instruments.
Chapter 3 deals with all the instruments using microwave, instruments using intra-red radition and instruments visible light.
Chapter4 involves EDM applications, progress and future developments.
Chapter5 involves the subject of traverse adjustment and estimation of precision in practice.
Chapter 6 was devoted to present a practical example for traversed test-net work.
Finally in chapter 7 results and conclusions are presented.