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المستخلص
”A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ACTUALIZATION
AND FAMILY CLIMATE AT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOME OF
THE ARABIAN GULF COUNTRIES”
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AN ABSTRACT
stage of life is a matter of self-actu~lizati~,i.e. of the
well-functioning of the youth potentialities. It is that ,
INTRODUCTION:
The care for youth is a necessity determined by the
importance of this age in man’s life cycle. Youth ls a
t.r:ansi tional, cri tic;:~)pc ri od in so much as it imp:’.ies
..deep changes by which youth Lsvene t.exi.l1g adu i,t’ slife
and its responsibilities. But youth in the same time is
a productive period, having great potentialities which in
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its turn need best investment provided from the society.
Hence, the positive mental health underlying this
the positiveness and effectiveness of youth.
Research, initiated in this area by works of A. Maslow
and E. Schostrom and others from the humanistic point of
view, has illustrated that self-actualizing persons have
certain characteristics which represent empirical findings
from Maslow’s study of 1954, that is: More efficient perception
of reality and more comfortable relations with it, l:\,1i
acceptance of self and others; spontaneity; problem
centering; detachment; autonomy; continued freshness of
”appreciation; mystic experience or the oceanic feeling;
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social interest, interpersonal relations; democratic
character&ructure; discrimination between means and ends;
sense of humor; creativeness; resistence to enculturation.
Self-actualization orientation at youth is a product
family climate prevailing in the home environrnentin Kuwait
of their experiences in the socializing process, originally
established in their families. So , it is expected t.hat,
and Oman societies plays the crucial role in developing
-sel!--actualization -orientation at un Lver si.ty youth ~i~nthese
two Arabian Gulf countries.
It is the aim of this study to investigate the aspects
of self-actualization at the youth enrolled in the universities
of two Aerabian Gulf countries (Oman and Kuwait) and
their relationship with the family climate as perceieved by
those university students.
For fulfillinq this purpose, the study has to verify
of the following hypotheses:
1. There is a positive significant correlation between
scores of self-actualization measures and scores of the
democratic family climate measure at the university students
of both sex (malesJ females) , specialization (humanities,
physical sciences) and nationality (Kuwait, Oman).
2. There is a negative signif~cant correlation between
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j scores of self-actualization measures and scores of the
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self-actualization measures and socres of the autocratic
family climate measure at the unviersity students of both
sex, specialization and nationality.
3. There is a negative significant correlation
between scores of self-actualization measures and socres
of the laissez-faire family climate measure at the
unviersity students of both sex, specialization and
nationality.
4. There are no significant differences. between mean
scores of university students samples, differing in sex,
specialization and nationality, in self-actualization
measures.
5. There are no significant differences between mean
scores of university students samples, differing in sex,
specialization and nationality, in family climate measures.
6. There are significant differences between mean
SCores of the upper and lower self-actualizing groups of
university students in democratic family climate measure,
with the direction of significance for the sake of upper
group of self-actualizers.
7. There are significant differences between mean
socres of the upper and lower self-actualizing groups
of unviersity students in autocratic family cl±mate
-easure, with the direction of significance for the sake
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of the lower group of self-actualizers.
8. There are significant differences between mean
university students in laisseZ-faire family climate
Socres of the upper and lower self-actualizing groups of
of the lower group of self-actualizers.
measure, with thedirection of significance for the sake
METHOD:
of 708 universlty students, enrolled at the second and
Subjects: The -co-tdlsi.1m:?l~ of t.his 8tudy cons titubes _..._-
third grades at some faculties of humanities and physical
in Oman, varying according to sex (males, famels) specialsicences
in Kuwait University and Sultan Kabous University
ization (humanities, physical sciences) and nationality
(Omani, Kuwaiti) variables.
Tools: The study used the following measures:
1. The ”Personal Orientation Inventory” (POI) by E.
Shostrom (1974), standardized by Talaat Mansour and Viola
El Beblawi (1986).
2. The Family Climate Inventory, prepared by
Ibrahim Quashkouch (1982), and adapted by the researcher
in the present study.
Statistical analysis: The researcher has used different
statistical devices whether for the verification of the
validity and reliability of the used tools, or for the
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verification of the above stated hypotheses. The
Pearson’s prOduct moment correlation, analysis of variance
statistical procedures are ”t” test for differences,
post-hoc analysis.
according to the factorial model 2 x 2 x 2, and TUkey
Findings:
• There is a ~0siti~~ ~o~relation of high significance
bet~v’eenself-c.ctllali2.t.,i:c:::~ and theilemocractic family
climate at the different samples of the University students
in this study.
• There is a negative correlation of high signifiance
between self actualization and the autocratic family
climate. This result is repeated also in the case of the
laissez-faire-family ’climate at these samples.
• These results are emphasized by the results of
comparison between the sujbects of the upper levels and
democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire family climate
the lower levels of self-actualization in the measures of
measures. The results indicate that self- actuaTization
orientation at unviversity students, from one side, increase ,
under the conditions of democratic family climate
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as perceived by these sUbjects, and from the other side
decreases under the conditions of both the autocratic
and laissez-faire family climat as perceived by these
sUbjects.
• Concerning the differences in the family climate
between the sample groups varying in sex, specialization
and nationality,~ study results come into a conclusion
that these vairables(sex, specialization and nationality)
are not so decisive in their influence on the variation
of differences in the three types of family climate
(democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire) between the
different sample groups in this study.
• The results indicate that the stated variables (sex,
specialization, and ~ationality) are not so decisive in
their influence on the variation of differences in selfactualization
orientation between the different sample
groups in this study.
According to these results, it is obvious that there
is a certain degree of similarity in the self-actualization
orientation among Kuwaiti and Omani University youth,
a.nc1that self-actualization-as personal orientation in
the lifes of youth is condition by the democratic family
Climate and fostered by the perceived democracy prevailing
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the home environment. By these results, the researcher
offers some psycho-educational applications and suggestions
for further research.