الفهرس 
Historical backgroundOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) complications continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Neuropsychological dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been reported in as much as 79% of patients during the early postoperative period.Until recently, most cardiac surgical procedures that required cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were done in the presence of moderate systemic hypothermia (27° to 30° C). Hypothermia reduces tissue metabolic rate and oxygen demand and is used to assist in the protection of the myocardium and brain against potential ischemic insult. Because of reports of improved myocardial performance with warm cardioplegia and systemic normothermia, CPB with warm cardioplegia and systemic normothermia is being increasingly used nowadays. Patients undergoing normothermic bypass have a predictably higher cerebral oxygen demand and may be at higher risk for prolonged cerebral desaturation and ischemic injury than has been reported with hypothermic CPB.