الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The effect of herbicide • oxadiazon • as a one sort
of pollution on the most available and ;;,daptable
( Clarias lazera and Cyprinus carpio) tvere the s•1hject·
of thIs investigation. The -fishes were sorted into
three groups, the first group served as control, the
second and the third groups were subjected to the
concentration of 2 ppm and 4 ppm oxadiazon respectively.
The fishes were subjected to the herbicide for two
successive weeks and the samples were taken after 3, 7
and 14 day, then they were transported to water free
from any toxicant and the samples were taken after 3
t:tnd 7 day. Tl1e r:8SlJU11~8 of the fishes to the oxadiazon
in the present work were studied by examining the
leucocyte enzyme cytochemistry, hormones, and biochemical
parameters. The
f 0 I 1 01-JS :
obtained results are summarized as
Signs of intoxication of Clarias lazera and Cyprinus
carpio were symptomised by excitability, rapid
followed by disorientation and
swimming
activity, marke:l.
reduction of feeding activity. These symptoms beGame
pronounced post exposure lo lhe followiuy- dl.)SE.s. The
fishes exhibited reported muscular spasms especially
after 7 day of treatment where the skin of treated
fi;oh became pale in colour and covered with mucous
secretion.
140
In case of fishes vJhich had been transported to
fresh water,
noted after the
most of
treatment
the above symptoms which were
period, disappeared and the
fishes started to behave normally.
When the fishes werE: subjected to oxadiazon for long
period, some granulocytes were hyper or· hypotrophied
with cytoplasmic vacuoles and inclusions at the periphary
of the cell w1 th dens8ly staining nuclei, some cells
were hypergranulated
various stages of
observed.
01 degranulated,
degeneration and
and cells of
pyknusis were
The I eucocyte of fishes were s tal ned for periodic
acid schiff ( PAS ), peroxidase, sudan black - B, non -
phosphatase and acid
were !dent if i ed viz;
specific esterase
phosphatase. Four
alkaline
cell types
lymphocytes, thrombocytes, monocy tes and gr·anu I ocy tes
neutrophil, eosinophi 1 aJ>d basophi 1 ) .
All leuc;_,cytGs were positive PAS J:eaction. Afler
oxadiazon exposure, the reaction increased according
to the
treatment
duration of exposure. The reaction post 4 ppm
was higher than that of 2 ppm oxadiazon.
The reaction of peroxidase in normal fishes I·Jas
strong in granulocytic
lymphocyte, thrombocyte
series and
and monocyte,
negative in
the reaction
became stronger and the cells were hypertrophied after
14 day of exposure to oxadiazon.
The sudan black B staining was observed
on! y in the neu troph i I, the reaction increased in its
intensity with the lone duration of treatment and some
cells were hy~ertrophied while others had disturbed
contour after transportation of fish to fresh water.
In both the contorl and treated fish a very
reaction was observed fo1· alkaline phosphatase
weak
in
neutrophils and for non specific esterase in
lymphocyte, thrombocyte, monocyte and granulocyte.
Acid phosphatase reaction detected as weak
reaction in lymphocyte and monocyte, moderate to
strong in neut1·ophi 1 and eosinophi 1. The activity
decrease post exposure to oxadiazon and the cranulocyte
appear had moderate reaction.
The plasma hormone level showed hich significant
increase in the fish group exposed to 2 ppm oxadi azon
and further increase post 4 ppm treatment. When the
fishes were transported to fresh water, the hormone
level decreased significantly but the value still higher
than normal.
!IL:rnsu I in
There was a significant decrease in the plasma
insulin level during exposure to oxadiazon. The
recovery ln hormone level
of fishes to fresh water.
appeared after transportation
There Y-’a:~ a significant increase in the plasma
g I ucagon I eve I which become
high concentration of·oxadiazon,
level after 7 day in fresh water.
highly significant with
and restored the normal
Significant increase of cortisol level in plasma
was observed after treatment of fishes with both 2 and 4
ppm oxadiazon. Post fresh water transportation, the
levels were returned to that of the control values.
The significant increase of plasma ACTH hormone
level was correlated to the concentration of oxadiazon.
The highest value of this hormone was observed after
7 day of 4 ppm exposure, wh i 1 e there was no
significant change after the fishes we1·e transported to
fresh water.
( effect on the hiochemic:;al parameters
The plasm~ s0dlum level was highly significant
after o}:adiazon exJ;;osure, and the increase was directly
correlated with the lime and concentration of oxadiazon,
plasma sodium Je·Jel returned to about the control value
after transportation of fishes to fresh water.
The increa~s of potassium level in plasma of the
oxadiazon exposed fishes was not significant. After
transportation there was a gradual decrease
1 eve!.
in potassium
Hyperglycemia observed in the fishes subjected to
oxadi azon and ~·each the maximum I eve! after 7 days, then
decreased gradually with time, and restored the normal
level when the fishes transported to fresh water.
The plasma lactate level increased significantly
post oxadiazon exposure, but the level decreased after
that till it reached the normal value.