الفهرس 
Neonatal morbidity and mortality
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Abstract
Posnerm pregnamy 15 the one mat persists for 42 weeks or more from the onset of lagt menstrual period that was followed by ovulation two weeks later.
The actual physiolugical mechansim responsible for a prolonged pregnancy has
not been elucidated.
in this study, we selected .50 cases of postterm pregnancy and 50 cases lIS
control of full Icrm pregnancy depending upon the date of the last menstrual
period and estimation of gestational age hy ultrasound, MI the selected cases
were of normal pregnancy. After delivery, an newborn infants were examined for
congenital anomalies, Apgar scoring after one and live minutes. and signs of
postmaturity. While placentae were subjected to macroscopic, microscopic and
histochemical examination.
[t was found that 5~~’Oof newborn infants of the postterm group snowed
signs ofposunatwity while only 8% of the full term group appeared postmamre
whieh is statisticall y signif cant (P<O.05). There was 21 tendency for macrosomia
in newborns of the postterm b’TQUP. Ali regard neonatal performance, foetal
distress was observed in 8% of postterm newborn infants but in none of the full
lenn group. No foetal mortality recorded in the study-
Oligobydramnios W:lS observed in 40% of postterm cases, but It was marked
only 111 four Gases (8%) who suffered foetal distress during labour. Normal
73
--lamniotic
fluid volume was observed in all the cases of the full term group.
The incidence of grade ill placenta was high.{56%} among posttenn group
which IS statistically significant (P<O.05). A strong relation was found between
the incidence of grade 10 placentae and decreased volume of anauotic fluid.
Microscopic placental abnormalities were detected in all cases ofpostterm
pregnancy, There was an evident associauon between placental lesions and
placental dysfunction. The placental lesions that were observed in postterm
preb’IUIJ1CY included the following:
1- Hyperp lasia of cytotrophob lasts and syncytiotrop noolasts (syncytial knots}.
1- Thickening of trophoblastic basement membrane.
3- Extensive fibrosis of the villous stroma.
4- Thickening and narrowing ot foeral stem blood vessels
s- Thrombosis, infarctions and calcification ofposnerm placentae.
BUl, no significant morphological changes of the placenta were observed.
The histochemical study showed a decrease of lipid and glycogen in
postterm group compared to full term group which may indicate metabolic
disturbances in the poon.enn placentae.