الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
A variety of measurements can be used for assessment of body fat but the most
u dclv used is the BMI formula which is calculated as weight (W) in kg divided by
the square of the height (H) iii meters (W/H2). Morbidly obese individual is denned
us one whose BMI > 40kg/rn2. the etiology of obesity is multifactorial including;
genetic predisposition, diet, psychological factor, drug induced obesity, endocrine
uctors. environmental factors and childhood over nutrition.
Obesity is associated with many diseases such as; diabeted mellitus type (2),
!1\ pertension, atherosclerosis, obstructive sleep apnea, bronchial, asthma, gastro—
esophageal reflux disease, gall bladder stones, fatty livers, deep venous thrombosis,
\‘aricose veins, arthritis, endocrinal disturbances, renal>> complications, increasing
the incidence of cancer, hernia, depression and decreasing life expectancy.
Non-surgical management of obesity include; diet control, behavior
modi flcation, exercise, drugs and acupuncture. They still have poor results with the
severely obese patients so it was proved that many obese individuals are in need for
surgical interference if they are suitable for surgery and agree to life—long follow up.
Intestinal bypass operations:
jejuno-colic bypass Gastric bypass
The surgical procedu res include:
• Gastric bypass with gasrtrojejunostorny
• jejuno-ileal bypass
• Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass:
(I) Roux-en-Yl
(2) Roux-en-Y2
(3) Isolated gastric bypass
(4) Roux-en-Y with a prothetic band
(5:) taparoscopic gastric bypass
• Lesser curvature gastric bypass
Silastic Ring Gastric Bypass
I .aierotateral ejuno—JejLlnostorny Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD):
• 131 liopancreatic diversion
• I3iliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
• 13 ii iopancreatic diversion with antral preservation
( a St ro l~ tasty:
I orizontal gastroplasty
- \erical gastroplasty
• Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty
Silastic ring vertical gastroplasty
\‘lagenstrasse and Mill procedure
• Gastric wrap
Gastric banding:
• Non-adjustable gastric banding
Adjustable gastric banding
Miscellaneous procedures:
• Jaw’ Wiring
Intragastric balloon
• \‘agotomy
Body contouring surgery (plastic surgery):
• Non-excisional body contouring:
• Excisional body contouring
Complications of bariatric surgery include;
Abdominal catastrophe, wound infection, splenic capsule tear, gastric stasis,
bleeding, pulmonary complications, abdominal wall hernias, cholelithiasis and
neLiropatily,