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Abstract
Recently, attention has been focused on the Sarcopfaagidae due to their use in medico-criminal entomology. Morphological studies of these flies are mandatory for ultimate use in forensic investigations because morphological features are the primary means used for species identification of specimens collected from a corpse.
The present study may allow more morphological and ultrastructural details on Parasarcophaga argyrostoma. However, as far as we know, no ultrastructural details are available for this species. In the present study, first and third larval instars of P. argyrostoma were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In the cephalic regions of the first and third instar larvae (antennal - maxillary sensory complex ), the multiple types of sensillae (styloconic and basiconic), were described and compared with respect to differences in the sensory requirements of both instars. This study also, deals with the ultrastructure of different sensillae (basiconic, trichoid, and coeloconic) located on the thoracic and abdominal body segments of both larval instars. Sensillae numbers, types, sizes and locations of the antennal - maxillary sensory complex were different in both instars . The anterior and posterior spiracles of both instar larvae were also described.
The appearance of the pupa of the P. argyrostoma, when examined by scanning electron microscopy at different magnifications is described in the present study. Sensory spines, could be campaniform sensillae, were irregularly located on the cuticle segment. Sensory spines could be sensilla basiconica were located on intersegmental areas of the pupa. A row of 7-9 anal papillae surrounding the posterior part of the pupa.
In the case of adult, scanning electron microscope studies on the head, antennae, and mouth-parts of the adult male and female of P. argyrostoma enhance the presence & location of four types of sensillae. The first type is basiconic sensillum of form I on the funiculus of the antenna. whereas form II was the most common on the scape & pedicel of the antenna and also,on the maxillary palp, stipes, and on the hypopharynxrof the. mouth-parts. Basiconic sensillae of form III, IV, V are founcLon the labium, rostrum, and labrum of the mouth-parts respectively. The second type is trichoid sensillae of form I, and II were found on the antennal arista, while trichoid sensillae of form in are present only on the antennal funiculus. On the other hand, sensillae trichoida of form II were scattered irregularly between the ommatidia of the compound eyes. The third type which is chaetica sensiliae of form I, II, and III WES found on the antennal pedicel and on the distal two thirds of the maxillary palps. On the other hand, the fourth form of chaeticum sensliluni was located only on
the antenna pedicel of P. argyrost&ma. The four forms of chaetica sensillae were arranged in three rows besides the compound eye along the vertex on both sexes. The last type, is squamous sensillae are the . most common on the vertex and frons.
The insect genitalia have been extensively studied for taxonomic purpose, the adult male and female genitalia of P. argyrostoma were described using scanning electron microscope in the present work. The female genitalia is short and formed by 6th, 7th ,9th, and 10 th abdominal segments. On the distal edge of the first genital segment, incomplete row of uniporous chaetica sensillae is located. The male genitalia is located on the ninth abdominal segments. The first genital segment has a incomplete row of uniporous chaetica sensillae on its distal edge. All the genital parts and genital accessories of both sexes covered with tent hairs. These mechanosensory sensillae on the genitalia play an important role in species-specific mating position.
Parasarcophaga argyrostoma has been reported several times as an agent of human cutaneous wound and vaginal myiasis. The efficient control of these insects has long been the goal of workers in the field of medical entomology. So, in the present work, the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against first, second, and third larval instars of P. argyrostoma was studied. It was found that, the age of the treated instar is directly proportional to the concentrations of B.t.i. The susceptibility of tested larvae was significant increased with the exposure time. The first instar larvae were more susceptible than the.second and third instar larvae of P. argyrostoma.
Also, the effect of sublethal doses of Rti. on the immature stages, the development & biology of adult, and on total protein, lipid & carbohydrate of pupa of P. argyrostoma was studied. A negative correlation was found between the weight of larva & pupa and the concentrations of B.t.i whereas, a direct correlation was found between the larval & pupal period and the concentrations of Rti. The biology of adult P.argyrostoma following larval treatment with Rti. in minced meat was recorded. Rti. concentrations have no , significant effect on prelarviposition period. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between the fecundity of female, male, female life span, and total life spans. Larvae immediately after deposition were treated with different sublethal concentrations of B.t.i. The treated larvae were left to develop under the previous controlled conditions till they reached the pupal stages. It was found that, B.t.i. concentrations have no significant effect on total carbohydrate of the pupa. whereas, a negative correlation was found between R.t.i. concentrations and total protein & lipid of the pupa.