الفهرس 
Emetic detecorsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In recent years there has been a marked improvement in anesthetic technique leading to a decrease in life threatening complications. These improvements along with cost-containment pressures, have led to the development of day case surgery in which patients are discharged often after a stay of only a few hours in hospital. With the decrease in the incidence of life threatening anesthetic related complications, increased attention has been focused on the more common distressing symptoms after surgery such as pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) PONV has been described as the big little problem following ambulatory surgery. In contrast to the attitudes of some physicians, patients put a high value on freedom from nausea and emesis in the postoperative period and are willing to accept pain and drowsiness as the cost of controlling it .Nausea is defined as a subjective unpleasant sensation associated with awareness of the urge to vomit. It is usually felt in the back of the throat and epigastrium and accompanied by loss of gastric tone, duodenal contraction and reflux of intestinal contents into the stomach . Retching is defined as labored, spasmodic, rhythmic contraction of the respiratory muscles including the diaphragm, chest wall and abdominal wall muscles without the expulsion of gastric contents. Vomiting or emesis is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents from the mouth and is brought about by the powerful sustained contraction of the abdominal muscles, descent of the diaphragm and opening of the gastric cardia .