الفهرس 
Abstract
Structural Response Due to EarthquakeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 374 |  |  |
| | | from | 374 | | |
Abstract
This thesis deals mainly with the rectangular tunnel which is constructed under pavement roadway at shallow depth. The soil-structure interaction has an important consideration in the design of underground structure, since the forces exerted by the median on the buried structure are ditect result of this interaction. Therefore, the earth pressure distribution on the rectangular tunnel is assumed to be hydrostatic pressure with maximum intensity at the bottom of the rectangular cross section of the tunnel, also the soil is modeled by a finite element which has two stiffnesses is bearing and friction direction with considering nonlinearity of soil.
The structural analysis computer program called ”DRAIN-3DX” is used in thew present analyses. The accuracy of the results obtained using this program is checked via comparing these results with the manual example and with another example given by other investigation.
The effect of soil around the rectangular tunnel is considered. Parameteric study on the rectangular tunnel is carried out, namely, the rectangularity ratio, type of soil around it, and the variation of ground water around the cross section of the tunnel. The analysis of tunnel is carried out by considering the static and seismic loads which is presented by 1940 El-Centro earthquake, 1971 San-Fernando earthquake, 1984 Organ-Hill earthquake. This analysis is presented in order to know the behaviour of such tunnels under static and seismic loads. The factors which affect the resonance of such tunnels are also considered.
The unstability of the tunnels under consideration due to resonance and the methods which may be used to avoid this resonance are presented. The behaviour of these tunnels due to different types of soil for static and seismic loads is also presented and a comparison between different statical systems of these tunnels are given.
Finally, the analysis of rectangular tunnels with vertical embedded keys in soil and rigidily connected to the bottem floor is investigated due to static and seismic loads. The effect of type of soil, ground water and the height of embedded keys are also investigated.