الفهرس 
Isozyme variationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
l)ro,sophila melar~ogasiera nd its sibling species I). simrrla~~hsa ve a cosmopolitan distribution. Restriction site map variation for mitochondfial DNA (mtDNA), esterase (Esl) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) isoenzyme electromorphis and chromosome inversions (In) were chosen as indicators to investigate the genetic variability of natural populations of the two sibling species in Egypt. Seven geographically different natural populations of D. melarzogasler [Aresh (AR), Ismailia (IS), Baltim (BA), Alexandria (AL), Saloom (SA), Beni Sueef (BS) and Assuit (AS)] and two ofD. sinllrlnns [Ismailia (ISs) and Bowaty (BOs)] have been studied. For each population, five isofemale lines were constructed. Using two 6-base cutter restriction cndonucleases; JCco R1 and Ni~rd 111, a total of 15 restriction sites have been observed on the mtDNA of both species. The total size of the mtDNA molecule was estimated to be 18.8 and 18.9 kbp it1 D. melar~ogasfer and D. .simrrlcrn.s, respectively. Five mtDNA haplotypes were found in I). 111elntmgasler. Only one haplotype was obtained from all the lines of D. sim~rlcursT. he estimated genetic distances between populations of I). melnnognster were ranged from 0.0 to 0.03 1, where they ranged from 0.01 15 to 0.3589 between the different six haplotypes. The nucleotide differences rate (ti) ranged from 0.0 to 0.1973 , and the average heterozygosity (H) was 0.0071. Nucleotide diversity (n) for the mtDNA in I). melanogasier was 0.0047+0.0014 and the net nucleotide difference (d,,) between D. melanogasler. and D. sir~~lrltrw~rass 0.1809. The time since divergence between 11. tnelanogasier- and I). si~nrrltrtrs was estimated to be 0.106 million years ago. Five phylogenetic trees have been constructed for the different populations under study, using the UPGMA and NJ methods. One case of significant linkage disequilibrium had been obtained between the two sites Eco RI 6.7 and Hird 111 0.0 (D’= 0.02 with x2 = 6.81).