الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Recommendations
The results of the study showed the following:
1. 69.4% of patients were 50 years old or more. There IS an
increase in the incidence of LRTI with increase of age.
2. The incidence of COPD in males is higher than in females (86.7%
compared to 13.3%). Also the incidence of pneumonia in females is
higher than in males (53.3% compared to 46.7%) .
3. The most prevalent organisms isolated from patients with pneumonia
were Pseudomonas aeruginosa: 19 (31.7%) cases, followed by Klebsiella
pneumoniae: 17 (28.3%) cases. While the most prevalent isolate from
patients with COPD was Streptococcus pneumonia:4 (26.6%) cases
4. Among Gram positive cocci, Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected
in 3 cases (5%) of pneumonia cases, as well as 4 cases (26.6%) COPD
cases. MRSA also was isolated from 11 cases (18.3%) of pneumonia but
non of patients diagnosed as COPD showed any isolates ofMRSA.
5. Among Enterobacteriacae group, the most predominant isolate was
Klebsiellapneumoniae 17 (28.3%) cases of pneumonia, while Klebsiella
pneumoniae was not isolated in any patient with COPD. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa show higher occurrence in cases diagnosed as pneumonia: 19
(31.7%) cases on comparison with the frequency of them among COPD
patients: 3 (20%)cases
6. Legionella pneumophilla was diagnosed by indirect
immunofluorescence(IgM) test in 4 (6.7%) patients of pneumonia and
Mycoplasma pneumoniae was diagnosed in 5 (8.3%) cases. Both were not
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Summary and Recommendations
detected in GOPD. Chlamydiapneumoniae was detected in 3 (5%) cases
of pneumonia and one case (6.7%) of COPD.
7. The most prevalent organisms isolated in HAP were Pseudomonas
aeruginosa 17 cases (37.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 15
(33.3%) cases. While in CAP patients the commonest isolates were
Streptococcus pneumoniae: 3 cases (20%) followed by Pseudomonas
aeruginosa: 2 cases (13.3%).
8- Out of75 ’cases ofLRTI ; 44 cases (58.7%) had monomicrobial and 25
cases (33.3%) had polymicrobial infection while 6 cases (8%) could not
be diagnosed neither by culture nor indirect IMF test
9. Out of 60 pneumonia cases 42 (70%) were mechanically ventilated
and 18 (30%) cases were not in need for mechanical ventilation. While
out of the IS cases of COPD 13 (86.7%) cases were mechanically
ventilated and 2 (13.3%) cases were not mechanically ventilated.
10. Out of 45 HAP patients 30 (66.7%) were mechanically ventilated and
IS (33.3%) were not mechanically ventilated. While Out of IS CAP
patients 12 (80%) were mechanically ventilated and 3 (20%) cases were
not in need to mechanical ventilation.
II. Eleven MRSA were isolated, 6 of which were isolated from patients
with CNS disease (75%) followed by 2 isolate from patients with chest
disease (18.2%)
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Summary and Recommendations
12. (47%) of isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae, (8 out of 17) were trom
patients with cardiac disease. Followed by 3 isolates from patients with
chest disease (17.6%).
12. (31.8%) of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7 out of 22) were
equally isolated from patients with CNS disease and diabetes followed
also by equal isolates from patients with chest and cardiac disease
5(22.7%) cases.
13. Out of 60 patients with pneumonia admitted to ICU 28 (46.7%) were
improved either discharged or refered to other department in the hospital
and 32 (53.3%) were died. This difference is statistically insignificant.
Out of IS patients of COPD 13 (86.7) were improved and 2 (13.3%)
were died.
14. Gram positive COCCI and enterobacteriacae were sensitivite to
Imipenems 100% followed by Amikain. While thev were resistance to
Penicillin, Clarithromycin, Oxacillin and Metronidazole.