الفهرس 
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Abstract
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SUMMARY
This work aimed to study new ultrasonographic parameters namely; the fetal kidney volume and thigh volume from the 1811- week of pregnancy till term to test them as new parameters for estimation of gestational age and comparing them to other well established parameters
such as biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length .
Subjects for this study included 240 pregnant, Egyptian women who were selected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinics.
Selection was done after a careful history taking and a thorough general and obstetrical examination.
Every selected pregnant woman fulfilled the following criteria :
1 . Sure date of the last menstrual period .
2 . The last menstrual period was preceeded by 3 normal periods.
3 . Singleton pregnancy .
4 . Pregenancy at the time of selection from 18111 to 42”- weeks.
5 . Fundal level corresponding to the period of amenorrhea.
6. Pregnancy not complicate by any obstetrical or medical disorders. Selected pregnant women were divided into 12 groups, each
consisted of 20 pregnant women according to their gestational age from the 18 the week to the 42”- week .
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After selection, each gravida was examined ultrasonographically to estimate the following parameters :
1 . Measurement of the biparietal diameter (BPD).
2.Measurement of the abdominal circumference (AC).
3.Measurement of the femur length (FL).
4.Measurement of the thigh circumference and thigh area (TC8c TA)
5.Measurement of the kidney volume (KV).
After the measurements were done we calculated :
1.The thigh circumference by using the ellipsoid formula Ellipsoid formula= (anteroposterior + transverse) x1.57
(Hadlok et al., 1982).
2.The fetal thigh volume = thigh area X femur length .
3.The fetal kidney volume using the formula :
vol = 0.5233 x Ap x Tx L (David et al., 1980).
Ap = Anteroposterio diameter
T = Transverse
L = Length of the kidney
These data were then analysed statistically giving rise to the following results :
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Simple regression analysis of the relationship between each measurement and the gestational age shows that there is a very good linear association between the gestational age and the biparietal diameter (BPD) femur length (FL) and thigh volume (TV).
There was a weak correlation between kidney volume and
gestational age than the BPD and AC.
The equations relating each of the above measurement and the
gestational age that can be used to predict gestational age are : GA = -5.287 + (2.650 x BPD)
GA = -14 .620 + (2.417 x FL)
GA = - 3 . 628 + (0.992 x AC)
GA = -50 .513 + (2.664 x TV)
GA = - 9.488 + (0.553 x KV)
Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between all measurements and the gestational age shows that the best predictor of the gestational age in this data set is the abdominal circumference. The abdominal circumference alone explains 97.99% of the variation in the gestational age, the next was the thigh volume , biparieal diameter
followed by femur length. The worst measurement that can predict gestational age was the kidney volume.
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This study conclued that fetal thigh volume can be used as a new ultrasonographic parameter for estimation of gestational age and for diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation. Fetal kidney volume can be used for diagnosis of fetal urinary malformations.