الفهرس 
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Abstract
INTRODucnON
OlOacousti(; emission descrilles releases of acoustic energy from
tile. cochlea recorded ill till: exteroal ear (C(Jpe and LulmflIJ, 1993).
Evoked oroaconstlc emisslo1’lS are directly related to outer bair cells
function and may be some wool independent of the inner hair cells,
hence, impro .•.ed IIllucrslamlil,lg Ilia}’ lead 10 ditTllrelllialion of disosdcrs
alfeclinll primarily either the inner hair cells or the ouler hair cells based
on ellOked ot(lacouslic emission properties (~tnt411, 1’91),
Al simplesl level, recording of evoked acoustic emissices may be
\lSed as sereeaiag test or ceoss check, of DOl”lIIal hearing (S~ns er al,
19’J).
Presbyacusis is considered one of the common types of hearing
loss which develops gradually with age (JQ1ISSOft et 11L, 1998). The
decline in heming aCllily is particularly pronounced during tbe decade
fl’Om 70 1080 years ofage. AI 70, most subjects have no or only minor
hearing problems, bUl at age SO difficulties in bearing are (lOmmOIl,
It iscvidence that tile previo\lSly advanced concept of the fum
pmlomioanl pathological types of presbyacusis is valid, these being
sensoI)’, neural Slrial, and cochlear conductive (Schu.k.rIeellta~d Gacek,
1993).
OIOilcoustic emission may reveal discrete pathological alternations
both in !he active eochlear signal processing asd in the passive