الفهرس 
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Abstract
INT:RODUCTION AND AIM Of WORK
Clinical manage.ment of problems of hemostasis often depends on
the results of)abo1’8t.ory tes1.5 such 8.8 the Jl:rothl’()mbin time (PT). Ac-curate
results are assured only if the blood samples submitted for~testing have
been pl’Qpel’ly eoUe~t.ecl and handled. The ratio o~ pl915mB to liquid
anticoagulant is regularly smphasiaed as a critical faclior in eheseteses
(Denson, et at, 1976; Linke E.G. 1979).
The effects of inaccurate blood sample volume on prothrombin
time was investigated by (Powers peterson and Eug(me L. Gottfried, 1982>,
they concluded that underfilling (or ntreme poly,cythemia) produce badLy
distorted (Prolonged) results in PT determination. In contrast, overfilling
(or anemia) is far less likely to affed the TeJit,Utll, thus ovemlling should
rarely be a causa fnr rejecting the blood sample. The greatest ’effects of
sampl,e volume weN observed in specimens in whit::h the true PI’ ’Was
elevated; while PT values within the nonnal tange were rarely affected.
For prothrombin time evaluatioD, blood is mi1ed with a measured
amount of the commonly used liquid antieoagulant tri.9lldium citrate. 2
~O 3.8% iw/v) [ O. 106 moll L]. Citrate ions form a nOD Ionized cbmpler
with plasma calcium, thus prev,enting clotting Wltil1 exeeas calcium salts
is added. Commonly one part 3.8% (wlv) trisodium citrate 2,~O solution
is mixed with nine parts of blood (Rick W., 1977)