الفهرس 
subject and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
124
Summary
Summll17 lind eOJlelusioJl
There is a different standard of growth and developmentfor each region,
population, ethnic community and for each period. So, this work was
planned to study the standard anthropometric measurements and dental
eruption of Egyptian children (East Delta) from six months up to twelve
years of age.
Samples of 450 normal children of East Delta were chosenfrom different
nurseries and primary schools of Dakahlia and Qualyobia provinces. The
children were classified into 15 age groups, (6th, 9th, 12th, 18th month and
then from 2·years up to 12years of age. Each of the studied chilren was
subjected to various anthropometric measurements and dental eruption
assessment.
The anthropometric measurements used in the study included height,
weight, head circumference, chest circumference, midarm circumference,
face length andface breadth.
Dental eruption was determined by the clinical emergence of crownfrom
the gum. The mean values and standard deviations were presented in the
form of tables, charts and curves.
Moreover, t-test was done between the means of males andfemales as
well as between successive groups in both sexes. Correlation coefficient
between the eruption and the parameters.
The eruption age of the deciduous and permanent teeth were tabulated
also.
It was found that, some anthropometric measurements showed sexual
differences while other, did not as the head circumference, chest
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Summary 125
circumference and facial measurements, which appeared to be larger in
boys than girls. On the other hand, the recorded data of dental eruption
and mid arm circumfemces were larger in girls than boys.
The growth parameters showed that growth spurt was evident between 8
years and 11 years. This spurt could be explained by the prepubertal
periods of active growth. Thepre pubertal spurt tends to occur earlier in
girls than in boys. Some growth measurements show diffemt pattems of
growth.
As regards the weight, it wasfound that male children are heavier than
female children in most groups except at the last three groups, where the
reverse was noticed, because the prepubertal spurt begins earlier in
females than in males.
Also, the height of male children tends to be higher than infemale
children in most groups except at the prepubertal period.
Head and chest circumference are larger in male children than infemale
children in most of the groups.
On the other hand, midarm circumferences are higher infemale children
than in male children in about all groups.
Both facial length and facial breadth tend to appear higher in male
children than infemale children in most groups.
As regards, dental eruption of both deciduous and permanent teeth. It
was obvious that, the eruption in girls ahead than in boys in deciduous and
permanent dentition. Also the lower jaw preeceds the upper jaw in the
beginning of eruption except thepermanent premolars. The lower central
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Summary
126
incisor is thefirst to erupt in deciduous dentition, but thefirst molar tooth
is thefirst to erupt in permanent dentition.
There is positive correlation between dental eruption and physical
measurements.
Recommendations for further studies
Further cross-sectional studies on childhood anthropometric
measurements in other Egyptian Provinces to be used in more accurate
evaluations, comparisons and assessments.
To get accurate Egyptian standards, each age of the childperiod must be
studied separately upon large samples.
Longitudinal studies are needed for accurate detection of adolescent
growth and also for determining the effect of socioeconomicfactors upon
the growth of new generations.
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