الفهرس 
Introductionيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Geriatric patients are defined as those individuals
over 65 years of age, although it is recognized that there
is not necessarily a correlation between chronologie and
biologic age.
It is estimated that one-half of patients who reach
65 years will require surgery before they die. The five
most frequently performed surgical procedures in geriatric
age patients are cataract-extraction, transurethral
resection of the prostate, herniorrahaphy,
cholecystectomy, and reduction of a fractured hip.
Morbidity and mortality are increased in geriatric
patients undergoing surgery, especially if the operation
is an emergency. Nevertheless advanced age alone cannot be
considered a contraindication to surgery
changes accompany the aging process for example brown
atrophic changes of the myocardium, and the cardiac output
at rest DROP about 1% per year below the normal value of 5
liter/min.
Undoubtedly, improved medical care has contributed to
prolong life expectancy, which currently is approximately
74 for men and 78 for women. The real problem limiting
longevity is the aging process itself.
Care of geriatric patients in the peroperative period
must consider changes in major organ function and altered
responses to drugs that predictably accompany aging.
Changes in organ function manifest as a decreased margin
of reserve, in fact, old age can be characterized as a
continuation of life with decreasing capacities for
adaptation.
Intraoperative and postoperative through C.V.
monitoring or respiratory monitoring through end tidal Co2
analysis is very mandatory also electrolyte and pH
measurements are essential intraoperative and
postoperatively.