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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 growing seasons in the new reclaimed sandy area at El-Bustan Expt. Res. Station, Behaira Governorate. The objectives of the present study were to reduce the amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizers use in growing wheat plant by substituting their partial amounts with organic fertilizer under integrated organic farming. In addition to the aforementioned target, an integration of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and micronutrients were attempted during studies of the present investigation. Every experiment included 18 treatments which were the combination of three wheat cultivars (Sakha 95, Sakha 94 and Gemiza 7) and six fertilization sources (100 kg mineral N (MN)/fad as recommended nitrogen rate, 75 kg MN + 25 kg N as organic manure (ON), 50 kg MN + 50 kg ON, 25 kg MN + 75 kg ON, 100 kg MN/fad + grain coating with micronutrients as coatengin before sowing at a rate of 15 g/kg grains and 100 kg MN/fad + the same amount of micronutrients was divided in two equal portions as foliar nutrition for plants at 30 and 85 days after planting). Wheat genotype Sakha 95 fertilized by rate of 100 kg N/fad in integrated equal portions of mineral and organic sources characterized by longest period to heading and to physiological maturity; dry weight of tillers, leaves and spikes; maximum plant height, spikes number/m2, test weight, number of grains/spike; grain, grain crude protein, biological yields, HI, NUE and NRE.
The NPE was in negative relationship with NUE and NRE; positive relationship between NUE and NRE, grain, grain crude protein and biological yields. The data indicated that the NHI’s of studied wheat genotypes under all treatments of fertilization sources, except the treatment of 75 kg MN combined with 25 ON/fad was exceeded 85%. This finding indicate how difficult to improve N partitioning efficiency to any grate extend. It is therefore, necessary to enhance the N assimilation in order to concentrate more nitrogen in the grains and prolonging the duration of the nitrogen uptake. In both seasons, the minimal values of independent factors were noticed for the three wheat genotypes fertilized with 100 kg MN/fad. This finding indicated that using mineral N fertilizer, as unique fertilizer source was not adequate for growing wheat crop under sandy soil conditions. In 2004/2005 season, the interaction between wheat genotypes Sakha 94 and Sakha 95 and three fertilization sources, i.e., integrated equivalent amounts of ON and MN fertilizers, 100 kg MN/fad sprayed with coatengin and the check treatment were subjected to study the rheological properties of their dough. The farinogram data cleared that genotype 95 fertilized with 100 kg MN/fad surpassed the other interactions in absorption rate, dough development, arrival and stability times and lowest value of dough weakening. The above interaction exhibited the highest values of dough elasticity, P/L fraction and alveogram area. It was also cleared that the interaction between wheat genotypes and applying either foliar nutrition or organic farming declined all the farinogram data.
Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum, Organic farming, Micronutrients,
Nitrogen partitioning, Flour quality.