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Abstract
Following major efforts to determine the effectiveness of BMT in the last thirty years, BMT has become the therapy of choice for patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases.
The most important cell needed for successful transplantation is the hematopoietic stem cell, which are immature cells that are able to produce other blood cells that mature and function as needed.
Stem cells are the most important cells needed in a bone marrow transplant. Stem cells, when transplanted, find their way to the recipient’s marrow and begin to differentiate and produce all types of blood cells that are needed by the body.
Currently, the major sources of stem cells for transplantation include bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. These can be obtained from a variety of donors. When they are obtained from the recipient, they are called autologous. When they come from someone other than the recipient, they are termed allogeneic.
However, though bone marrow transplantation is a salvage therapy for many patients, but it carries short and long term complications.
Short complications include acute GVHD, hemorrhagic cystitis,veno-occlusive disease, capillary leak syndrome, egrafment syndrome, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, thrombotic microangiopathy associated HSCT, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, multiple–organ dysfunction syndrome, which need careful monitoring and urgent management.
Long term complications include immunosuppression, chronic GVHD, secondary malignancies after transplantation, endocrine complications, pulmonary complications, cardiac complications,
renal complications, infectious complications, GIT complications, hematological complications, dental, cranial, and facial complications, neurological complications, ocular complications, skeletal complications, psychosocial and cognitive adaptation after BMT, which also need long term follow up as well as long therapy.
Liver diseases as a short or long term complications are major cause of morbidity and mortality following BMT &Determination of the pre-