الفهرس 
ApoptosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiologic form of cell death that has evolved in multicellular organisms as mechanism of eliminating unwanted cells apoptosis is a cell autonomous process.
Diabetes mellitus ( DM) is a common, chronic, metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia as a cardinal biochemical feature. The prolonged survival of the diabetic child is associated with an increasing prevalence of complications.
The pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease ( CVD) in diabetes involves traditional novel cardiac risk factors. Including hypertension, dyslipidemia, genetic factors. Insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia, oxidative/ glycoxidative stress. Inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.
The present study was carried out or twenty diabetic children, 11 males and 9 females, their ages ranged from 4 to 16 years with mean age of ( 9.8 + 4.5) years ( group I ) and fifteen obese children 11 males and 4 females. Their ages ranged from 5- 17 years with mean age of ( 9.8+ 3.4) years ( group II) selected from the pediatric endocrinology unit, faculty of medicine El- Menoufiya University.
Fifteen apparently healthy children of the same age, sex and socio – economic status, were selected as the control group ( group III).
The aim of the present study was to spotlight on the apoptotic changes in diabetic and obese children and to study the cardiopulmonary changes in diabetic and obese children.
The diabetics children ( group I), compared to age and sex matched controls. Demonstrated a significantly higher mean basal heart rate (HR). As regard blood pressure changes among our diabetic patients, elevated systolic blood pressure was found in one patient.