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Abstract
Large breasts have been considered throughout history a sign of femininity, yet when they are significantly larger than the aesthetic standard, they may be regarded as grotesque, rather than sensuous. Thus breast reduction surgery evolved hundreds of years ago.
Breast reduction is sought for physical and psychological reasons, which include discomfort, neck and back pain and maceration of skin of the inframammary region. From a psychological point of view, large breasts and asymmetrical hypertrophy can be a focus of embarrassment.
Original breast reduction procedures began at the turn of the previous century by free nipple-areola grafts with reduction and techniques gradually evolved until Wise in 1956 presented his pattern of pre-operative marking and the inverted T-scar, which is a component of most techniques in use today.
In 1972, Mckissock reported on the vertical bipedicle dermoglandular technique. Others included the horizontal dermal pedicle, inferior dermal pedicle and the vertical mammaplasty with liposuction. All these