الفهرس 
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Abstract
The postoperative phase is the most critical period for open heart surgery patients. This period is characterized by many complications that can be more serious and fetal. The postoperative cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal complications can influence significantly patients’ outcome and recovery due to general anesthesia, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, cross clamping time, hypothermic procedure, surgical incision, and pain. These complications remain the main significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The improvement of cardiopulmonary and renal functions those patients was conducted by early activity.
Early activity is a multifaceted area of professional practice which considers an important part of the collaborative management for cardiac surgical patients. It is vital and significant for patients’ outcome and health restoration. EA can improve the cardiopulmonary function by enhancing ventilation, oxygenation, respiratory pattern, hemodynamic stability, and dereasing resting heart rate. It also promotes the toxic excertion through the renal system. Early activity components are postitioning, passive and active range of motion exercises, dangling, a chair sitting, and walking as early as in the first postoperative day as patient tolerated.
The critical care nurse is responsible for all patients’ care; the nurse has a vital role in the preoperative and postoperative care for cardiac surgical patients. The nurse mostly responsible for monitoring and assessing the cardiopulmonary and renal status in order to conduct an effective car e or interventions. That care is useful in the reduction of incidence and severity of cardiopulmonary and renalcomplications postoperatively. It also reduces incidence of morbidity and mortality that promote early recoveryand reduce length of stay in the ICU. The nursing care of those patients postoperatively is equal in importance to the operation itself.