الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Birth injury denotes avoidable and unavoidable mechanical and anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labour and delivery There has been dramatic reduction in perinatal and neonatal encephalopathy in the last decades Birth injuries may affect the soft tissues, head, neck and extremities Soft tissue injuries are usually trivial and transitory ones which usually resolve without complications. They include those of the skin and eubcutaneous tissues as er%theina, abrasions, petechiae, eochymosis, laceration and subcutaneous fat necrosis Severe perinatal haemorrhage may occur with many adverse perinatal conditions especially with umbilical cord trauma and may lead to shock which needs urgent blood transfusion Head injuries include those of the scalp, skull, brain and face ; In the scalp, caput succidaneum usually resolves within hours while the subperosteal cephalhaem— atoma needs weeks to months to resolve and subaponeuro— tic haemorrhage needs less time to do so • So long as there is no accompanying intracranial haemorrhage or severe blood loss , they need no specific treatment.Skull fractures may be linear or depressed , the later can be elevated non-surgically e.g. by breast pump or ventouse extractor.