الفهرس 
The Endoscopic Sampling IncludesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
lung cancer is one of the most common forms of malignant neoplasms. This study was carried out to evaluate the role of some fiberoptic bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques in cases of lung cancer i^ eldest D-c-p.This study included (70) suspect malignant cases on the basis of their radiological and clinical presentations. (55) patients proved to have primary lung cancer and 15 patients had other diseases. The cases were studied through Full detailed medical history Full clinical examination. Chest radiography including postero-anterior and lateral views. C T chest Routine laboratory investigation including complete blood picture, bleeding and coagulation times, prothrombine time and concentration and BUN( blood urea nitrogen ). Bronchoscopic examination using Pentax FB IBX and related accessories. The following bronchoscopic techniques were done according to the visibility of the lesionip I : included 10 cases with mild TR ip II : included 23 cases with moderate to severe Tr Pull history, clinical examination and routine stigatlons together with Doppler examination were done for :y patient . Each group was studied Independently and In prison to the other group preoperatively, Intraoperatlvely istoperatively and the following conclusions were reached : Significant TR which is surgically treated shows a LSfactory postoperative course while conservatively managed i not . Mild TR by ”Omoto classification** Is clinically ignlficant The dependance of the decision of Oe Vega repair on fez assessement alone is not enough . Moderate or severe TR icted by preoperatlve Doppler is an indication for surgery irdless the intraoperatlve finger quantification of TR Intraoperative finger and visual exploration of tricuspid fe cusp healthness Is very usefull to obtain data about fe macropathology which may be missed preoperafclvely i iffon-lmaging transducer Is superior to dual frequency aducer in measuring tricuspid valve area by Doppler.