الفهرس 
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Abstract
between 1 0-63 years.
They were divided according to the ijresence or absence of retmopathy into group A without retinopathy and group B with retinopathy and each group is divided in 2 ways , the first according to the level of glycated haemogiobi ii (II bA I c ) i iilo 3 subgroups ( group Al with NbA I c < 7.3 % , group Al I with llhAlc 7.3 % -<9.4%, group All! with I lbA I c > 9.4% and also group B I with I IbA I c < 7.3 % , group B I I with IlbAic 7.3 % -<9.4%, group Bill with HbAlc>9.4% The second classification according to age ( group A is subdivided into 2 subgroups one 1 6 years and the second with age ranging between 1 7 — 45 years and also group B into 2 subgroupS one with age ranging between 1 7 — 45 years and the second with age 45 years The control group The control group were flee fioni any diseases may interfere with study , 13 females and 7 males with age ranging betweeii 10—63 years.
All cases in addition to the control group were subjected to, full history taking, clinical examination, rout inc laboratory examination, chest x ray, flmdus examination, 1)100(1 sugar level including fasting and 2hours jost prandial, lipid profiles including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high (lensity lipoprotein cholesterol, glycaleci haeinoglobiii, erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSI—lpx), erythrocytic superoxide clismutase (SOD) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA).