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Abstract
Petroleum Additives for Engine Oil
Synthesis of some detergent additives based on alkyl sulphonates were prepared by sulphonating local raw materials such as Linear Alkyl Benzene, Heavy Alkyl Benzene and mixtures of each of them and Medium Aromatic Extract with different percentage weights. The sulphonation processes were carried out by applying the optimum conditions which were detected through several sulphonation attempts. Then neutralization processes were carried out using excess amount of metal oxide such as CaO, MgO and carbonation was carried out by CO2 gas at 90 °C in presence of excess amount of metal oxide to obtain over base Ca and/or Mg alkyl sulphonates. Some detergent additives based on phenates were also prepared by reacting neutralized Ca and/or Mg alkyl benzene sulphonate with sodium hydroxide at high temperature (250-300 °C) to obtain phenate additives. The obtained results showed that the synthesized additives based on (80% LAB or HAB +20% MAE) have the highest TBN and excellent detergency percentages and excellent detergent efficiency comparing with those of the imported commercial ones. The feasibility studies proved that the production costs of the synthesized additives are lower than the imported commercial ones
Key words:Phenates, Sulphonates, Linear Alkyl Benzene, Heavy Alkyl Benzene, Medium Aromatic Extract, Total Base Number (TBN), Dispersency Percentage, Detergent Efficiency.