الفهرس 
Esophageal varicesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
UGI Bleeding has been recognized as a world wide problem during the past several decades, and will continue to be a cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world during the 1990s and beyond.Upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms are common in patients with chronic renal failure. These include anorexia, nausea, vomiting persistant metalic taste, hiccups, epigastric pain and heart burn.Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common and troublesome complication of end stage renal disease (ESRD), accounting for as many aslO-15%ofall cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.UGI Bleeding in chronic renal failure is usually severe and associated with a high morbidity and mortality compared with patients without renal disease. It is the cause of death in 3-7% of patients with moderate to severe chronic renal failure.The role of specific pathologic finding in the gastrointestinal tract as the source of blood loss in chronic renal disease remain controversial.With the development of endoscopy, GI bleeding as a serious complication of ESRD has been gaining increased recognition. (6)Most of the studies were conducted in the west; the few studies of Eastern people had divergent outcomes.