الفهرس 
Chronic renal failureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a persisting and progressive failure of glomerular and tubular function leading to increasing retention of waste products and disturbance of body internal environment.Chronic renal failure can be also defined as a complex syndrome which develops as a consequence of a significant reduction in renal function, the excretory, metabolic, endocrine and hemostatic functions with resultant anemia, renal bone disease osteodystrophy, metabolic acidosis, neuropathy and is frequently accompanied by hypertension, great susceptibility to infection and generalized deterioration in organ function.End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is that stage of chronic renal failure at which renal function is no longer sufficient to sustain life. It is usually defined by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to under 5 ml/min. This corresponds to less than 5% of normal nephron function.