الفهرس 
SummaryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 117 |  |  |
| | | from | 117 | | |
Abstract
•Although hydrological aspects have always been taken into consideration for the design of highway drainage systems, only in the past decades runoff pollution has been understood as an important non-point pollution source. •The existing Best Management Practices (BMPs) for highway runoff control include detention systems for instance wetlands and wet ponds and infiltration systems such as porous pavement, infiltration ponds and infiltration trenches. •Acombination of detention and/or infiltration systems is often implemented. It is known that climate conditions especially the rainfall pattern are important concerning highway runoff and the performance of treatment systems. •Until now most of the highway runoff studies were conducted in the USA and in the Northwest Europe. •BMPs that require a relatively moist environment are not adequate for semi-arid climates where infiltration systems may be more effective. •An infiltration pond should be able to capture the initial part of a runoff event and consequently also the most polluted part of those events exceeding its volume capacity. •The particulate pollutants may be removed by deposition and the infiltration allows for sorption of the dissolved and colloidal associated metals to the soil before the water reaches the underlying aquifers. •The soil hydraulic conductivity and the infiltration area combined with the volume of the pond, and the rainfall pattern determine the amount of runoff that is possible to capture during rainfall events. In addition, the velocity of transport of contaminants in the soil must be assessed to choose design and construction features that protect the groundwater from contamination.•This project was undertaken to test the performance of the Aqua flow permeable paving system in removing copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), total suspended solids (TSS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from surface runoff. •Simulated urban runoff containing known concentrations of the metals was applied to two small areas of the block paving. Samples of the water applied and the outflow were collected and analyzed for metal content. •The results were used to calculate the percentage removal rate of metals and the absolute concentrations of the effluent. •The field study was carried out at a secure outdoor site of Riverside Drive in Dundee, Scotland, which is owned by Scottish Water. The metal analysis was carried out at Severn Trent Laboratories Ltd, Coventry, UK. •The project comprised 2 simulations periods, designed to investigate and compare the impact of removing of pollutant by seeding hydrocarbon in the systems. •The results obtained shows that the maximum conditions of suspended solids are likely to occur in conjunction with road sanding events, when TSS concentrations can reach well over 461 mg/L. The natural and vehicle generated winds in western Washington can remove a large fraction of the metals that have been deposited on highway surfaces. •Concentrations of dissolved copper and zinc measured at edge of pavement often exceed acute and chronic water quality. The five most commonly detected PAHs include pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, chrysene, and benzo(a)anthene. •Data presented suggest the pavement to be effective at removing total suspended solids (TSS) and also effective at retaining petroleum hydrocarbons, metals (copper and zinc) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. •During the stimulated test runs the pavement was: •Very effective in removing total suspended solids with a mean removal efficiency of approximately 92.1%. •Excellent in retaining petroleum hydrocarbons with a mean removal efficiency of about 99.33%; •Very effective in retaining Cu and Zn with a mean removal efficiency of about 89.97%, 96.42% for Cu and Zn respectively; •Excellent in retaining PAHs with mean removal efficiency greater than 99.66%.