الفهرس 
Endoscopic Skull Base SurgeryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tumors of the cranial base account for small but significant percentage of skull base lesions. They arise from or in vicinity of the bony structures at the base of the brain (example meninges, bone, cartilage, …). These tumors may originate from extracranial tissues mainly paranasal sinus, pharynx and connective tissue secondary invade basal bone, meninges and even the brain. Despite their varied histology and biologic behaviour, they have a common feature – they are difficult to reach as they are located ventral to the brain and posterior to facial skeleton and aerodiagestive system. Other common feature they involve critical structures as the skull base represent transition area through which important blood vessels like internal carotid and vertebral arteries enter and cranial nerve exist .Tumours of the skull base continue to challenge surgeons from a variety of disciblines, despite enormous progress over the last view decades . Successful treatment of these lesions requires understanding identifying indication and contraindication for resection, also understanding pathology of the tumor and its association with the anatomy of the skull base (anterior, posterior or middle), (midline, lateral) .Endoscopic skull base surgery is one of the most recent, difficult and promising surgery in neurosurgery it enable surgeon to remove skull base tumor without causing harm to critical structure by retraction or displacement or injury to critical structures.