الفهرس 
Immune and environmental pathogenesis of typeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease for which susceptibility is determined by genetic, environmental and immunologic factors.It is likely that an environmental factor triggers an autoimmune process in a predisposed individual. There is evidence that DM is associated with an increased risk of infections and with more severe clinical consequences of such infections. The mechanisms that lead to excess morbidity and mortality are related to the presence of micro- and macroangiopathy or neuropathy and the host immune defects associated with DM. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function is depressed. Leukocyte adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis are also affected. Different viruses, especially enteroviruses, and bacteria are involved in the etiology of autoimmune diabetes through immunological processes and direct damage to the pancreas. Infectious agents may also be associated with protection against the development of autoimmune diabetes. The timing of the infection and the type of pathogen may determine the different effect on the immune system, thus triggering the disease or protecting the host from it.