الفهرس 
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Abstract
Atriplex halimus is a saltbush that naturally grows in saline environment on the Mediterranean coast; moreover, it is characterized by an efficient tolerance not only to salt but also to drought stress. The present study focused on evaluating the tolerance mechanisms of this plant under different levels of salt and drought stress. -The germination of A. halimus decreased with increasing the external concentration of NaCl and 500 mM NaCl completely inhibited the germination. -The optimal growth of A. halimus in the vegetative stage was in the range between 50-200 mM NaCl -Salt and drought stress changed the metabolite profile of A. halimus by accumulating compatible -Na+ may be contributed in osmotic adjustment with the exposure to salt and drought stress. -Na+ manipulating and CMO genes concluded their importance in the tolerance of A. halimus -DREB seemed to be effective in A. halimus tolerance due to its high upregulation. This gene may be effective in enhancing crop tolerance to stress.