الفهرس 
Introduction
Historical ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 188 |  |  |
| | | from | 188 | | |
Abstract
Albee ,in 1911,was the first to make spinal fusion operation by using tibial autograft for treatment of patient with pott’s disease. According to lumbar fusion it can be classified into Anterior Lumbar Inetrbody Fusion (ALIF),which was firstly done by Capner and followed by Lane and Moor in 1948 and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion which was firstly done by Cloward. While for cervical fusion it was made firstly by Smith and Robinson in 1955 and followed by Baily and Bagdly and others in 1960s.Multiple spinal instrumentations were developed and they include mainly: pedicular screws, transarticular screws and cages. Spinal instability is considered to be the main indication of spinal fusion.this title includes trauma,spodylolisthesis,spinal deformities(e.g.scoliosis),spinal tumors and disc herniation(cervical and lumbar). The operation of spinal fusion depends mainly upon bone grafting.the bone grafting differs according to their sources which may be autograft, allograft, zenograft andBone Morphogenic Protein. Spinal fusion procedurs include: Cervical procedures: anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF). Lumbar procedures: -Anterior lumbar interbody fusion(ALIF) -Posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) -Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF). -Extreme lateral interbody fusion(XLIF). -Percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PPLIF) -Laparoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Assesment of spinal fusion procedures can be done by X-rays and CT scan for detection of fusion signs.