الفهرس 
التطور التاريخي لنظام تسوية المنازعات الدولية في اتفاقيات التجارة الدوليةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
BY NAME OF GOD Misters honorable Professors, President & members of the discussion committee. Mistresses, Damsels, Misters I have the pleasure and honor to be in this great scientific situation, standing in front of my Honorable Professors, President & members of the discussion committee, and the attendances, to introduce my research. With the beginning of the last century, the 20th century, the idea of sovereignty which every independent state has over its region was prevailed over the liberal world peoples thought. This idea means that every independent state has the uncontested right to promulgate whatever legislations to regulate its interior affairs, its peoples affairs, and its natural wealth, including which contains legal rules regulating its economic, and its commercial relations with other states. Also, the first years of the 20th century witnessed the establishment of the first general world international organization, the League of Nations which succeeded in the middle of the same century by the United Nations Organization. After this, the world peoples witnessed the establishment of number of monetary international organizations as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Along with the international organizing thought, and as a tool to overcome obstacles which hindered, in many times, the international commerce due to every state enacts lonely the legal rules regulating its exterior commercial relations with the other world states, which hindering in many cases transfer of commodities, services, and capitals, many peoples and states considered that it was necessary to regulate international commerce by means of multi international conventions, which establish a world international commercial organization to supervise over application of these convention rules, obligate its parties states with its legal commitments, and adopting a settlement commercial disputes system which may be arose between the parties states of the organization due to the interpretation or application of the legal rules contained in the convention establish it. The settlement dispute systems which these international organization adopted attractive me, so I designated this research to study them all, specially, the world trade organization settlement dispute system. During the 20th century, the arbitration system developed at both the national and international level to settle the international trade disputes as an substitute to national judgment, so, an international tool to settlement disputes was one of the important topics which the parties states of the general agreement for trade and tariffs 1947 discussed at Paraguay round. In the 80th of 20th century, there were many problems related to the application of the general agreement for trade and tariffs 1947 settlement disputes system, which urged the parties states to try to improve this system. In 1986, these states hold a serious negotiation, and at the end of Paraguay round, they ratified some international conventions named, in general, the world trade organization agreement, which contained the agreement established the world trade organization, the others called the covered agreements, and the special annex related to the dispute settlement understanding which adopted a powerful system for settlement disputes in world trade organization. In case the parties states of the world trade organization failed to reach an agreeable settlement to their disputes about the interpretation or application of rules contained in the organization agreement in its general meaning, or if they find, after they already begin such settlement, that the means they tried will not ended with an agreeable settlement, and if they do not desire to arbitrate according to article (25) of dispute settlement understanding, they can go to the world trade organization system The dispute settlement understanding adopted an judicial system with two steps, a primary step, and an appeal one, the states members of the world trade organization can resort to both of them to settle their disputes about interpretation or application of rules contained in the organization agreement in its general meaning.