الفهرس 
NTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the microbial population that are gram negative and resistant to the metals: copper, lead and iron. Gram negative strains were isolated from their original heavy metal rich environments and identified in laboratory by means of biochemical tests and commercial kits. Then extraction and purification of plasmid DNA from the isolated strains followed by a total cell protien profile for all strains were done in laboratory. The characterized plasmids DNA were transformed to competent cells of E. coli DH5α, then the genetic linkage between the isolated bacterial strains and their metal resistance were specified wether plasmid or chromosomal encoded.