الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bladder cancer continues to be one of the most common genitourinary malignancies which have a high tendency to recur and progress showing recurrence rate of 70% or even higher. The aim of this work was to investigate some inhibitor of apoptosis proteins as survivin, livin and their genes expression in different stages of bladder cancer and to investigate their role in the diagnosis and the prognosis of bladder cancer. This study shows that detection of survivin and livin proteins by immuno-blotting in tumor samples and urinary deposits may provide an initial reliable indicator of aggressive disease, potentially provide more details about follow-up protocols after surgery or alternative treatment regimens. The highly sensitive and specific determination of urinary deposit survivin and livin proteins appears to provide a useful, quick, simple and diagnostic biochemical marker for non-invasive monitoring of patients with new or recurrent bladder cancer. Survivin gene expression and survivin protein detection are specific for the differentiation between various pathological types of bladder cancer. The detection of livin β in the urinary deposits of a patient with a previous history of treated bladder cancer may be indicative for the recurrence. Targeted inhibition of livin and/or survivin could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the sensitivity of bladder cancer towards pro-apoptotic agents either directly, or by affecting angiogenesis.