الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Targeted therapies, which now include monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have significantly changed the treatment of cancer over the past 10 years. These drugs are now a component of therapy for many common malignancies, including breast, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The molecular pathways most often targeted in the treatment of breast cancer are those of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and HER2/neu. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase receptor is overexpressed in approximately 20-30% of human breast cancers, and is associated with worse prognosis (higher rate of recurrence and mortality). The humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) was the first HER2-targeted agent approved for clinical use in breast cancer patients. Response-rates to single-agent trastuzurmab range from 12 to 34% for metastasis breast cancer (MBC), and significant improvement in survival rates, time to progression are achieved, when used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Nowdays trastuzurmab also used in neoadjuvant setting. Lapatinib, an orally administered tyrosne kinase dual inhibitor of ErbB1(EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER2) receptor tyrosine kinases has shown promising results in phase II and III clinical trials conducted to date for the treatment of refractory and first-line metastatic breast cancer and in the adjuvant setting. Overexpression of VEGF leads to poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer and other tumors. Preclinical studies have shown that the humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF, bevacizumab, can reduce tumor angiogenesis and inhibit the growth of solid tumors, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy.