الفهرس 
Immunohistochemistry of cyclic endometrium
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aim of review: This work aimed at histopathological study of the morphological patterns of the endometrium in cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and detection of the pre-malignant changes by studying of the degrees of nuclear atypia and studying of endometrial tissue adjacent to the areas of endometrial carcinoma. Findings: During the reproductive years abnormal uterine bleeding may occur secondary to pregnancy, to systemic defects in hemostasis, to structural lesions of the genital tract, to iatrogenic causes, or to DUB. The diagnosis of DUB is made only after other causes have been ruled out. Cases of DUB can be divided into two large categories: ovulatory and anovulatory. Ovulatory DUB occurs when there is loss of local endometrial hemostasis. While anovulatory DUB is a systemic disorder, occurring secondary to endocrinological, neurochemical, or pharmacological mechanisms. The present study represented a total of 708 cases of DUB and 12 hysterectomy cases for endometrial carcinoma to study the endometrial tissue adjacent to the carcinomatous area, received in pathology department, faculty of medicine, Mansoura University from Mansoura University Hospitals. All the cases were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin histopathological examination for identification of the different endometrial morphological patterns. The results of this work showed that of 708 cases of DUB, the histopathological patterns of anovulatory bleeding were far more common than the patterns of the ovulatory one, with simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia was the commonest morphological pattern. For the endometrial tissue adjacent to the carcinomatous area, this study showed that 100% of cases showed atypical hyperplasia in the endometrium adjacent to endometrial carcinoma in hysterectomy specimens. Conclusion: The anovulatory cycles are one of the most common causes of DUB; the degree of proliferation depends mainly on the duration of unopposed estrogenic stimulation. Over a period of months to years hyperplasia and carcinoma can be produced, the risk of malignant transformation is closely related to the presence of cytological atypia. Thus, females in the reproductive years should have regular check up examination.