الفهرس 
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Abstract
Treatment of severe proximal humeral fractures is considered a challenge with regards to poor results after conservative treatment, the difficulties facing internal fixation and the vascular compromise associating this type of fracture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of hemiarthroplasty for treatment of fractures and fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus. We have reviewed the literature with regard to the anatomy of the proximal humerus, biomechanics of the shoulder, diagnosis and methods of treatment of proximal humeral fractures, types of proximal humeral prostheses, the technique of hemiarthroplasty in fracture, rehabilitation and the possible complications following operation. The material of this prospective study included 26 patients with average age of 32-83 years. They were diagnosed as proximal humeral fractures and were admitted to Mansoura emergency hospital between March 2003 and June 2006. All cases were managed with hemiarthroplasty within a period ranged from 5-31 days. For final evaluation, each patient was assessed both functionally and radiologically. The Constant score was utilized for functional assessment. Multiple anatomical landmarks were used in radiological evaluation. The complications encountered in the study were reported and analyzed. The modified Constant score in this study ranged from 11 to 93 points with a mean score of 61.7 ± 21.4 points. Most of our cases were having no or mild pain only on activity. Moderate to severe pain was reported only in 11.5% of cases. The mean score for active forward elevation in this study was 5.5 points, the mean active abduction was 4.7 points, the mean external rotation was 5.5 points and internal rotation was 5.2 points. The mean strength of abduction was 8.7 points. Some of our patients with their preoperative, initial postoperative and final postoperative radiographs were briefly presented. We have discussed our results and compared it with the results reported by other studies in the literature