الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present thesis deals essentially with the turtle - backs in the following locations of the Nile Delta ; Meet Kinana, Abu Zekri, Kafr El - Sheikh Ibraheem, Shranies, Kofor El - Rami, Saud, South Saud, Manshat Abu Omr and Sangaha. The main objective of the thesis is to shed more light on these sand islands from the following points of view : (1) Their geomorphology, mode of occurrence and filed structures. (2) Their textural characteristics and mineral compsotiion. (3) Abundance and distribution of trace elements. (4) Their sub surface extension and relation with the underlying sediments using shallow geophysical techniques, (5) Their method of formation and origin in relation to the Quaternary geology of the Nile Delta.