الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obstetricians have long recognized foetal distress occuring during labour by foetal bradycardia, tachycardia on auscultation and by meconium passage. It is generally accepted that earlier detection of foetal distress during labour is possible with bioelectronic monitoring techniques. It is clear, however, that early recognision of foetal distress during labour is sometimes not early enough. For example, foetal deaths occur before labour lin pregnancies complicated by hypertension or diabetes mel 1 i tus. For early iQdentjfication of the at risk foetus we should Although most begin with the first antenatal screeing visit. or foetal conditions associated with an adverse maternal outcome have been recognized for a long time, it has been found it helpful to utilize a risk-scoring approach. scoring may be defined as a formulized of recognizing, documenting and accumulating .partum and intrapartum factors in order to predict later plications for the mother, foetus and infant scoring system has two predictive risk scales: ante~artum risk scale listing several types of diovascular-renal diseases, as well as the well recognized of diabetes mellitus. In addition, the patient’s obstetric history is explored for both therapeutic habitual abortion, previous stillbirth, low birth weight neonatal death, and macrosomia. Moreover, the behavioural characteristics are evaluated with to smoking, alcohol abuse, abuse of other drugs, and to obtain antepartum care This antepartum isk assessed at least twice during the patient’s the first when she presents for antenatal care late first or early second trimister and second, early in the third trimister approximately at 32 ) An intrapartum risk scale assessed when the patient enters hospital in labour. As expected, measures of pregnancy infection, and bleeding are included 5sociated hypertension, n this risk scale.